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单词 含义 例句
caste (印度社会的)种姓，种姓制度 Society was divided into classes in a hierarchy called the " caste " system.
Hinduism 印度教 Hinduism developed on the Indian subcontinent in the Indus River valley.
subcontinent 次大陆(指一块大陆中相对独立的较小组成部分) Hinduism developed on the Indian subcontinent in the Indus River valley.
Indus River valley 印度河流域 Hinduism developed on the Indian subcontinent in the Indus River valley.
spring up 突然出现，迅速增长 This religion sprang up about three thousand years ago.
lineage 血统，家系 They were all already decided, based on their family's lineage and traditional occupations.
hierarchy (社会或组织里的)阶级，等级 Society was divided into classes in a hierarchy called the "caste" system.
Aryan 雅利安人(使用印欧语系的民族) The Aryans were a powerful nomadic tribe.
nomadic 游牧的 The Aryans were a powerful nomadic tribe.
tribe 部落，种族 The Aryans were a powerful nomadic tribe.
migrate 迁移，移居 The Aryans, a powerful nomadic tribe, migrated to the Indus Valley around 1500 BC.
existing 现存的，现在有的 They added their gods to the existing religious beliefs and established the caste system.
Rigveda 梨俱吠陀本集(印度最重要的宗教文学) The Rigveda is an ancient and sacred Hindu book.
sacrifice 1. (向神明)献祭，(2. (奉献给神明的)祭品、献祭，3. 牺牲，牺牲的行为) A giant named Purusha sacrificed and dismembered himself to make the world.
dismember 割断手臂和腿 A giant named Purusha sacrificed and dismembered himself to make the world.
provide for 供给，为…提供 They provided for the intellectual and spiritual needs of the community.
rank 1. 阶级，阶层，地位，(2. 位于(某地位、某等级等)) Second in rank were the members of the Kshatriya caste—the warriors and rulers.
a sort of 一种，某类 People of this class were merchants and farmers and formed a sort of middle class.
middle class 中产阶级 People of this class were merchants and farmers and formed a sort of middle class.
laborer 劳动者，工人 Their function in society was to work as laborers for the other castes.
formal 正式的 People of this class could not get a formal education.
hard labor 苦工，强迫劳动 Most of their lives were spent in hard labor.
untouchable 1. (印度种性制度里最低阶的)不可接触的贱民，(2. 碰不得的) Untouchables performed the "dirty" jobs that no one else wanted to perform.
contaminate 弄脏，污染 They could contaminate the "clean" castes just by looking at them.
pollution 污染 Strict rules were put in place to protect others from their " pollution."
well 1. 井，(2. 很好地，3. 健康的) Untouchables could not drink water from the same wells.
forbidden forbid(禁止)的过去分词 (forbid-forbade-forbidden) They were also forbidden to wear shoes in the presence of members of the clean castes.
inequality 不平等，不平衡 Inequalities among the castes were considered natural.
decree 颁布命令 Inequalities among the castes were considered natural because they were decreed by the gods.
assign 分配，分派(事情，责任等) Each person within the caste system had been assigned the position in society that he or she deserved.
reincarnation 转世，轮回 Reincarnation is the concept that the spirit is reborn and returns to life after death again and again.
central 中心的，中央的 The belief in reincarnation is central to the Hindu way of life.
way of life 生活方式 The belief in reincarnation is central to the Hindu way of life.
karma 因果报应，业(一个人一生所做的坏事和好事的总称) Karma is the sum of the good and bad deeds that an individual has committed throughout his or her lifetimes.
sum 1. 合计，总计，(2. 金额) Karma is the sum of the good and bad deeds that an individual has committed throughout his or her lifetimes.
lifetime 一生，终生 Karma is the sum of the good and bad deeds that an individual has committed throughout his or her lifetimes.
assume 1. 假定为，(想当然地)认为， (2. 承担，就任) It was assumed that people in the lower castes must have committed many evil deeds to be born into their positions.
acceptance 接受，承认 Hard work and acceptance of their status throughout life would allow people to come back in a higher caste in their next life.
next life 下辈子，来世 Hard work and acceptance of their status throughout life would allow people to come back in a higher caste in their next life.
break free 挣脱，(从整体中)强行分离出来 If someone tried to break free of his or her caste by changing professions, that person could be punished by being reborn into a lower caste.
underprivileged 不能享受适当权益的，社会地位低下的 Many millions of India's underprivileged citizens had no hope of improving their lives.
fringe 1. 边，周围，(2. (围巾，披肩等)的流苏装饰) India's underprivileged citizens lived on the fringes of society.
Mahatma Gandhi 圣雄甘地(1869-1948：印度解放运动的领导人) Religious leader Mahatma Gandhi fought to change the patterns of oppression that had been a part of Indian culture for centuries.
oppression 压迫，压制 Mahatma Gandhi fought to change the patterns of oppression that had been a part of Indian culture for centuries.
discrimination 区别，歧视 Discrimination based on caste was outlawed in India's constitution of 1950.
base on 基于...，以...为基础 Discrimination based on caste was outlawed in India's constitution of 1950.
alongside 在旁边 It has allowed many Harijans to take their places alongside workers of all different backgrounds.
segregate (把人以人种和宗教)分割，区别对待 Many villages are still segregated along caste lines.
primary school 小学 Some children are still divided according to caste in the classrooms of their primary schools.
distinction 区别，差别 At one special time of the year all caste distinctions are set aside.
set aside 1. 无视，不理会，(2. (为了特定目的而把钱、时间等)储蓄下来，保留下来) At one special time of the year all caste distinctions are set aside.
bonfire 篝火，营火 This Indian celebration can last for days and includes bonfires, music, dancing, and feasting.
herbal 草本的 People paint themselves with herbal powders called gulal.
vibrant 1. (光线)明亮的，(色彩)鲜明的，(2. 充满生气的，活跃的) The vibrant colors provide a disguise for everyone.
conduct 1. (特定场合或状况的)行为，品行，举动，(2. (业务，活动等的)管理，经营，处理，3. 指挥(军队，乐队等) The strict code of conduct surrounding the castes is forgotten.
rigid 1. 严格的，死板的，(2. 坚硬的，坚固的，不易弯曲的) This holiday is the one time when India's rigid customs are ignored.
booming 景气好的，大受欢迎的 A booming middle class includes highly educated children who wish to become a part of a global culture.
global 全球的，全世界的 A booming middle class includes highly educated children who wish to become a part of a global culture.