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Istanbul
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伊斯坦布尔(土耳其城市) |
Turkey's largest city is Istanbul. |
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straddle
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1. 跨(江、道路等)，(2. 叉开(腿)) |
Istanbul is the only city in the world to straddle two continents. |
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fascinating
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迷人的，极好的 |
One of the most fascinating places in the world is Istanbul. |
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setting
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1. 环境，场所，(2. (戏剧、小说等的)背景) |
Its rich history and beautiful setting make Istanbul an exotic crossroads of art and cultures. |
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elegant
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优雅的，有品味的，雅致的 |
Its rich history and elegant skyline of domes make Istanbul an exotic crossroads of religions and cultures. |
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skyline
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空中轮廓线(高山和摩天大楼等以天空为背景所形成的轮廓) |
Its rich history and elegant skyline of domes make Istanbul an exotic crossroads of religions and cultures. |
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dome
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拱顶，(半球形的)圆屋顶 |
Its rich history and elegant skyline of domes make Istanbul an exotic crossroads of religions and cultures. |
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minaret
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(伊斯兰教寺院的)尖塔 |
Its rich history and elegant skyline of minarets make Istanbul an exotic crossroads of religions and cultures. |
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crossroad
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十字路口，交叉点 |
Its rich history and elegant skyline of minarets make Istanbul an exotic crossroads of religions and cultures. |
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strait
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海峡(指两块陆地之间连接两个海或洋的较狭窄的水道) |
Flowing through the heart of the city is the Bosporus Strait. |
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waterway
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(江、运河等的)水路，航道 |
This waterway links the Black Sea with the Sea of Marmara. |
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channel
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1. 途径，管道，手段，(2. 海峡，3. 电视的频道，4. 水道，航道) |
This waterway has been one of the world's most important channels for trade and cultural exchange for thousands of years. |
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trade
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1. 贸易，交易，2. (需要技术的)职业，谋生手段，(3. 交换) |
This waterway has been one of the world's most important channels for trade and cultural exchange for thousands of years. |
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ridicule
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嘲笑，戏弄 |
These settlers were ridiculed as being "blind" for choosing a site so geographically unprotected. |
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geographically
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地理学上，在地理方面 |
These settlers were ridiculed as being "blind" for choosing a site so geographically unprotected. |
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oracle
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神谕(在古希腊，神通过使者给予人类的应答) |
The oracle of Apollo at Delphi told the leader to found a city opposite the "land of the blind." |
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Delphi
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德尔菲(希腊古都，阿波罗神殿的所在地) |
The oracle of Apollo at Delphi told the leader to found a city opposite the "land of the blind." |
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advantage
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有利条件，优点， 优势 |
They could take advantage of the Golden Horn, a natural harbor. |
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independent
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1. (国家、组织等)自治的，独立的，(2. 独立的，自主的) |
The area existed as an independent Greek state. |
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besiege
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包围，围住 |
The Roman Emperor Septimius Severus besieged the city for two years. |
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surrender
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投降 |
After Byzantium finally surrendered, the emperor destroyed its walls as punishment. |
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hippodrome
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竞技场，赛马场 |
The city was rebuilt in the Roman style, with new walls and an arena for horse racing known as a hippodrome. |
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proclaim
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宣告，公布，声明 |
Constantine the Great proclaimed Byzantium the official capital of the empire. |
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persecution
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(宗教的)迫害，困扰 |
He made the city a place where Christians could practice their religion without persecution. |
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plaza
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(市中心的)广场，市场 |
He made it the jewel of the empire with projects such as public baths and beautiful plazas. |
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halves
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一半，二分之一 (单数：half) |
The Roman Empire was officially split into eastern and western halves in 395 AD. |
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historian
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历史学家 |
Constantinople became the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire, what historians now call the Byzantine Empire. |
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Byzantine Empire
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拜占庭帝国(西元476-1453) |
Constantinople became the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire, what historians now call the Byzantine Empire. |
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riot
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暴乱，骚乱 |
The Hagia Sophia had been destroyed by riots twice in the previous two centuries. |
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refer to
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1. 提到，谈论，(2. 与...有关) |
Justinian referred to King Solomon's magnificent temple and exclaimed: "Solomon, I have outdone you!" |
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Jerusalem
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耶路撒冷 |
Justinian referred to King Solomon's magnificent temple in Jerusalem. |
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outdo
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超过，胜过 |
I have outdone you! |
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bubonic plague
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黑死病(鼠疫传染病) |
Bubonic plague hit the famed city. |
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transmit
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1. 传染(疾病等)，传播，(2. 传导，传递，传达) |
The plague is transmitted by infected fleas. |
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infected
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被感染的，受污染的 |
The plague is transmitted by infected fleas. |
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flea
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跳蚤 |
The plague is transmitted by infected fleas. |
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swelling
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肿胀处，肿块 |
The plague caused swellings on the body. |
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Middle Ages
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中世纪(欧洲历史上AD 1000-1450年间) |
During the Crusades of the Middle Ages, Constantinople suffered another, even greater devastation. |
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devastation
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大面积破坏 |
During the Crusades of the Middle Ages, Constantinople suffered another, even greater devastation. |
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crusader
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十字军战士 |
He promised to pay the crusaders handsomely if they could place him on the throne. |
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handsomely
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(钱、财产等)相当大地，可观地 |
He promised to pay the crusaders handsomely if they could place him on the throne. |
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sack
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1. (占领城市的军队)劫掠，(金饰等被强盗)抢劫，(2. 布袋，大麻袋) |
The crusaders took their revenge on the city— sacking it and destroying holy relics. |
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priceless
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极贵重的，无价的 |
The crusaders took their revenge on the city—sacking it and destroying priceless works of art. |
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relic
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(历史的、宗教的)遗物 |
The crusaders took their revenge on the city—sacking it and destroying holy relics. |
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rampage
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横冲直撞 |
Residents fled in terror as the soldiers rampaged through the streets. |
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loot
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1. (城市等)洗劫，(2. 抢夺物，战利品) |
The soldiers rampaged through the streets, looting and burning. |
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desecrate
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亵渎 |
Even the sacred Hagia Sophia was desecrated and stripped of everything of value. |
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prominence
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显著，杰出，突出 |
The prominence and influence of Constantinople continued to decline. |
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virtually
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几乎，事实上 |
The Ottoman Turks had conquered virtually all the land around the city. |
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sultan
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苏丹(某些伊斯兰国家统治者的称号) |
Sultan Mehmed II finally conquered the city in 1453. |
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mosque
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清真寺(伊斯兰教寺院) |
He immediately went to the Hagia Sophia and declared it a mosque. |
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realm
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1. 王国，国土，(2. 领域，范围) |
Constantinople was now the capital of a third great realm —the Ottoman Empire. |
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thrive
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1. 繁荣，旺盛，(2. (人、动植物)茁壮成长) |
The sultan wanted the city to become a thriving center for culture and trade. |
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ceramics
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制陶业，制陶术 |
They brought with them trades such as ceramics, calligraphy, and bookbinding. |
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calligraphy
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书法家 |
They brought with them trades such as ceramics, calligraphy, and bookbinding. |
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bookbinding
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装订(制作书的过程) |
They brought with them trades such as ceramics, calligraphy, and bookbinding. |
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earthquake
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地震 |
An earthquake destroyed nearly thirty kilometers of its seawalls. |
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seawall
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海堤，海塘 |
An earthquake destroyed nearly thirty kilometers of its seawalls. |
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treasury
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1. 国库(国家的金库)，(2. 宝库，宝藏室) |
An earthquake destroyed the treasury. |
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Allied Powers
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联军，盟军 |
The Turks fought a war for independence from the occupying Allied Powers. |
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democratic
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民主主义的 |
They formed a new democratic country. |
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republic
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共和国(人民拥有主权的国家) |
They formed a new democratic country, the Republic of Turkey. |
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statesman
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(经验丰富并受人尊敬的)政治家 |
They formed a new democratic country, under military leader and statesman Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. |
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incomparable
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无可匹敌的，不能比较的 |
Istanbul stands proudly on its own with an atmosphere incomparable to that of any other place in the world. |
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dazzling
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眼花撩乱的，惊叹的 |
The city is a dazzling mixture of past and present, East and West. |
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diversity
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多样性，变化 |
They celebrated the diversity of its history and people. |
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uphold
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维持，维护 |
Istanbul continues to uphold its legacy as a natural and dynamic crossroads. |
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dynamic
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有活力的，活泼的 |
Istanbul continues to uphold its legacy as a natural and dynamic crossroads. |